Rule of Commitment and Social Norms

Rule of Commitment and Social Norms Theories Social Psychology Print Rule of Commitment and Social Norms By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on July 24, 2019 Sam Edwards / Caiaimage / Getty Images More in Theories Social Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Have you ever found yourself changing your mind in the middle of a purchase, only to feel pressured to stick to your earlier decision to buy the item? For example, have you ever agreed to buy a car, only for the salesman to change the terms of the sale right before you sign the paperwork? Was it easy to walk away, or did you feel a sense of pressure and obligation to stick to your original agreement? Psychologists refer to this as the rule of commitment or norm of commitment. What exactly is the rule of commitment and how does it affect our behavior? What Is the Norm of Commitment? The rule of commitment is a type of social norm that is often used by marketers and salespeople to get consumers to make purchases. According to this norm, we typically feel obligated to follow through with something after we have made a public commitment. Once weve made some type open pledge to something, we feel both social pressure and internal psychological pressure to stick to it. Why? We like to feel that we are consistent in our behaviors and beliefs, so once we make some type of declaration, we often feel that we must stand by our original decision. Sometimes this norm of commitment can work in your favor. If you announce that you are on a diet or trying to get in shape, announcing your plans to friends and family might help you feel pressure to stick to your commitment and achieve your goals. In other cases, this pressure to stick to your original declaration might lead you to make purchasing decisions that might not necessarily be in your best interest.   The Norm of Commitment in Action So how do marketers use this to their advantage? There are a number of different persuasion techniques that rely on this rule of commitment in order to gain compliance from consumers. One of these is commonly referred to as the low-ball technique. In this method, the salesperson might start by intentionally understating the cost of the item. Once you have made a commitment to making the purchase, the salesperson will then raise the cost of the item. Since you have already made the commitment, you feel obligated to stick with the purchase. Another commonly used sales strategy is the foot-in-the-door technique. In this approach, the marketer starts by making a small request. Once youve agreed to this, he or she then makes a second much larger request. Since you have already made a commitment by agreeing to the smaller request, you then feel obligated to stick to the commitment and comply with the second appeal. Making Commitment Work for You The power of commitment can sometimes lead you to stick to decisions that are not necessarily in your best interest (like buying an overpriced item), but this tendency isnt always a bad influence on our behavior. In fact, you might even find that you can use the rule of commitment to help inspire positive behavior changes. For example, imagine that you are trying to stick to a goal like giving up smoking, losing weight, or running a marathon. Making some type of public declaration about your goals, such as announcing it to your friends and family, might make you feel pressured to stick with it. Since you made a public declaration about your goal, the rule of commitment can help you feel pressure to stick with it until you achieve your objective.

Weathering The Storm Of Hurricane Katrina - 1970 Words

Weathering the Storm On the morning of Monday, August 29, 2005, in southeast Louisiana, hurricane Katrina made its second landfall. It began as a category one hurricane in the Bahamas and crossed the southern tip of Florida into the Gulf of Mexico, where is mixed with the warm waters and grew into a category five hurricane. After making landfall the second time, it weakened to a category three hurricane but still caused catastrophic damage to everything in its path. Hurricane Katrina resulted in at least 1833 deaths from both the storm and subsequent floods, making it the deadliest U.S. hurricane since the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane (Knabb). The residents of southeast Louisiana had advanced notice of the severity of the storm since the†¦show more content†¦The children in the family can’t seem to bother with the possibility of the hurricane being anything but an inconvenience, while the father only takes slight precautions before its’ arrival. The possibility o f evacuation and the preparation for the category five hurricane Katrina are both prevalent, but due to the economic situation and the education of the main characters, they are forced to the storms full impact. The category five designation of hurricane Katrina can be very misleading for those who are not familiar with the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, or the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale. â€Å"Wind engineer Herb Saffir and meteorologist Robert Simpson created what has become known as the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale (SSHS) to provide an indication of a hurricane’s intensity based on its maximum sustained winds.† (Allen) The scale, from one to five, is setup to be very easy to understand for the general public, however it still does not clearly convey the amount of damage that can be sustained from a category one hurricane as opposed to a category five hurricane. A category one hurricane is classified as having winds between seventy-fou r and ninety-five mile per hour sustained winds with a damage rating being described as having very dangerous winds will produce some damage. Category two has winds between ninety-six and one hundred and ten miles per hour, category three has winds between one

Article Analysis of Self Management Interventions for...

There are a number of key factors about the article by Evellen Heirich et al, Self-management interventions for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review that lend themselves to potential use in clinical practice. This article was at variance with a significant amount of research articles in that there was no original research performed within this study. Instead, the data collection methodology simply consisted of analyzing previously existent research for different practices used to ameliorate patients afflicted with type 2 diabetes. In that sense this article functions as a prolonged literary review. There were both positive and negative aspects of this type of approach to research, the latter of which includes the relatively small sample size only 19 articles were analyzed and the fact that the wide variety of the types of research performed in the articles made it increasingly difficult to come to a consensus about certain measures. The authors of this journal article initiated research into this subject by entering certain key words related to self-management techniques and practices for type 2 diabetes in three major journal research engines. What is notable about this process is that the literature review that accompanies most research documents actually doubled as the actual research performed itself, since the authors merely analyzed the studies and findings of the journal articles they deemed relevant to their review of existing literature. The initial titles thatShow MoreRelatedThe Management Of Diabetes During Primary Care1704 Words   |  7 Pages The Management of Diabetes in Primary Care: How to Improve HbA1c levels Ellen C. 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Fundraising Event At St. Therese’s Parish Free Essays

As part of the 75th anniversary of St. Therese’s Parish, the parish family, together with Monsignor Robert MacArthur has campaigned for a fundraising event that will support the festive celebration of its institution. The fundraising activity will involve the sales of the St. We will write a custom essay sample on Fundraising Event At St. Therese’s Parish or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therese’s 75th Anniversary Cookbook, which is a compilation of approximately 75 favorite and traditional recipes submitted by members of the parish themselves. The St. Therese’s 75th Anniversary Cookbook is a product of the members of the parish who are dedicated to serve the parish in their very own personal way. The cookbook will be sold for only $5. 00 a piece and all proceeds will go to the celebration of St. Therese’s 75th anniversary. The cookbook is dedicated to all former priests, sisters and parishioners who have provided their hard work and commitment to the parish in the early days and years, which in turn developed the foundation of what we now see at St. Therese’s Parish. It is well-known that many hands—and hearts, as well as God’s grace, have molded the current parish. The St. Therese’s 75th Anniversary Cookbook is composed of several sections—appetizers and beverages, salads and dressings, soups and sauces, vegetables, main dishes, breads, desserts, and even canning procedures, that will be very helpful to every home. Each entry has been lovingly written and submitted by parishioners, with their goal of sharing their good home recipes and at the same time helping out in raising funds for the coming joyous event at St. Therese’s. The St. Therese’s 75th Anniversary Cookbook will be available at the parish entrance after Holy Mass and will also be available at the corner grocery store, along Main Street and West Avenue. So hurry up and grab a copy of the St. Therese’s 75th Anniversary Cookbook and be part of the joyful group that is eager to share their oneness with the parish in raising funds for its 75th anniversary celebration! How to cite Fundraising Event At St. Therese’s Parish, Papers

Case Study for Welspun Group- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Studyfor Welspun Group. Answer: Introduction The case analysis uses the Welspun Group to showcase the how the organization is riding the globalization wave. The company is a clear instance of the globalization phenomenon. The firm began modestly as a polyester manufacturing facility in the year 1985 within a small town in India. Its initial capital outlay was US$250,000. However, the firm has currently grown into about US$3 billion global corporation. It has widespread presence in over fifty nation crossways the world via different trade channels. The corporation remains among the leading fastest-evolving global groups. It is a market leader in the business segments including yarns, home pipes and textiles. The group has the uniqueness in terms of being the 3rd hugest home textile corporation globally and the largest Indian retail chain for the same. The group enjoys global investments in the United Kingdom, Portugal, US, Mexico, Saudi Arabia. It has the business relationship with various Fortune 500 corporations including Chev ron, Bechtel, Exxon Mobil, Target, Walmart and Shell. Thus, this paper is a critical evaluation of the Welspun Group case to showcase how it is a typical case of a ridding globalization wave. Identification of Problems The group has been successful in its acquisition and focus on the energy as well as infrastructure sectors which are two fastest-growing industrial sectors in India and other evolving markets. The group has transformed into such a huge global entity within a short duration. The group achieved this by focusing on concurrent geographical as well as product diversifications strategies for growth. Such strategies encompassed expansions into novel markets alongside products (Karides 2013). However, it must be noted that adoption of such diversification strategies remained highly risky as well as cumbersome. This is because the diversification required an extremely distinct set of the capabilities for the group to succeed in each kind of the diversification (new markets and new products). Nevertheless, the company remained highly careful with respect to the selection of its novel markets alongside products to avoid being overstretching its scarce resources. The group primarily focused on developed markets of the US along with those of Western Europe. It never went for an all-out internationalization that would have encompassed entry into new geographically proximate developing markets. On the basis of products, the company made entry into increasingly diverse industrial sectors like pipes, energy, and infrastructure contrasted to its original line of business, that remained entirely in home textiles. The companys tow chief flagship businesses in pipes and textiles were based on the cotton and steel supplies, individual moving in a cyclical fashion though not in the similar manner. Therefore, engagement in such two businesses remained a healthier strategy for the company as a whole. Provided the groups swift growth speed, the company is continuously restructuring and reorganization of itself to undertake its operations and activities efficiently. Thus, the obvious diversification into perceivably unrelated business is primarily at the company level, whereas the individuals firms are focused on sole or linked businesses. For instance, its home textile business remained under the control of Welspun India Limited (WIL) that is listed corporation on National Stock Exchange of India and the Bombay Stock Exchange. Such a type of organizational structure as well as following transformation have permitted the company to prosper in multifaceted business segments stretched across the diverse geographies. The company further remained prudent with respect to the firms foresight to put the groups bets on the growing role of offshoring and outsourcing strategy that huge retailers in the advanced markets were embracing. Such implied that retailers like Target and Walmart shall contract with firms characteristically based in low-cost economies to manufacture commodities as well as serve as their respective suppliers (Sheth 2016). The company maximized/capitalized on such an increasing pattern by being a key supplier to various large retailers in the US for their corresponding textile-associated requirements. Further, the company proactively pursued global partners for the groups operations in India. The company has formed joint ventures with Italian firm for the bathrobe manufacturing as well as with a German firm for coating pipe. The phenomenal growth of the group has also been attributed to its motto Dare to commit. It further benefits from BKG and RRM entrepreneurs who are its key architects for the fast-speed growth. BKG remained the lead visionary in spotting business opportunities in the high-growth sectors thereby accounting for the groups current in the diverse array of businesses including home textile, energy, pipes, infrastructure as well as steel. Provided the constraints of the capital as well as the managerial resources that characteristically plague SMEs in the emerging markets like India, making an entry into this myriad set of industries crossways diverse economies remains a sign of astute business acumen as well as risk-taking ability of the group. The group further faces competition in entering diverse business segments which is the norm for the Indian business houses. This makes the group not to stand out from its rivals or competitors. The group is further facing challenges since in its attempts to differentiate itself from the Indian rivals, the business is forced to adopt strategies to tap into many unconventional opportunities overseas. These opportunities are risky as the firm has to establish manufacturing facilities in foreign markets and acquire established brands. The group must have to use more money and other resources to create uniqueness overseas where it will also face the competition from the advanced or established firms producing the same commodities (Huberman and Meissner 2010). Moreover, the group is facing such challenges as diversification of product and market, product selection, brand recognition and offshore and outsourcing as it continues on its path of growth through globalization. In terms of brand recognition, the group requires to have a healthier reputation in the market since it is a newly set up company. Offshore and outsourcing must be done in order to meet the demand across the world as well as save the cost of manufacturing. The firm is facing such problems as scarce resources as well as demanding customers. There is also a need to maintain human capital is quite challenging to the group. The international competition also threatens the group alongside flexibility to adapt the altering global market. As has been witnessed, the trend towards globalization of the Indian firms is anticipated to strengthen further. This is because India makes fast strides in its economic growth which is further increasingly becoming an appealing destination for the global companies, thereby heating up the local competition. The Indian firms can never negate the fact that to face this rivalry, they not solely have to emerge stronger in the local market, but further challenge these firms in the global turf. The Welspun company will resolve the identified problems by increasingly becoming a MNC in its individual right via sizeable investments made overseas or continue to become suppliers of the choice of the international companies by leveraging lower Indian costs. This patter shall increasingly stretch to the subsequent rung of the corporations who are pursuing aggressive growth, with foreign acquisition being the most favored route (Cavusgil et al. 2014). Welspun must realize that it is necessary to achieve global size as well as competitiveness to create a vaster market position as well as sustain a strong position in the international markets. To accomplish this desirable global size, the Welspun needs to look at growth opportunities outside Indian borders (Nzaad 2017). Whether it is manufacturing firm which is adding relationships as well as customers via the transfer of work into India, or Software Company which is strengthening its domain capabilities, the Welspun should know that the message is clear that: to succeed, it will need to expand its global reach through the development of vision, capability as well as management bandwidth. After all, globalization history of the Indian firms has lessons to avail to those companies planning to embark on the similar route (Becker 2017). Conclusion The company enjoys cumulative yearly annual rate of growth since 1995 of more than thirty percent. This remains high by any given standards/metric. The group has diversified into newfangled lines of business and adopted globalization for its markets besides production. The group has adopted a strategy of tapping into various lucrative opportunities which remain unconventional as well as risky as establishing manufacturing facilities in overseas markets as well as acquisition of established brands abroad thereby creating a sustained competitive advantage by differentiating it from its Indian rivals. References Becker, K., 2017. Editorial. Journal of Transnational Management, 22(1), pp.1-3. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014. International business. Pearson Australia. Huberman, M. and Meissner, C.M., 2010. Riding the wave of trade: the rise of labor regulation in the golden age of globalization. The Journal of Economic History, 70(03), pp.657-685. Karides, M., 2013. Riding the globalization wave (1974-2004): Islandness and strategies of economic development in two post-colonial states. Island Studies Journal, 8(2), pp.299-320. Nzaad, N.A., 2017. Corporate Social Welfare: Rural Perspective. Global Journal For Research Analysis, 5(10). Sheth, C.R., 2016. A Comparative Study on Cash Flow Statements of Welspun India Ltd. and Ghcl Ltd. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 5(7).

Sustainable Acoustic Absorption Panel Utilizing Local Natural Cellulose Fibers Essay Example For Students

Sustainable Acoustic Absorption Panel Utilizing Local Natural Cellulose Fibers Essay Sustainable Acoustic Absorption Panel Utilizing Local Natural Cellulose Fibers Abstract. Current popular attack in the research and development of the acoustic soaking up panel is to replace man-made fibres that may be risky to wellness and environment with natural fibres that are inexpensive and has no inauspicious impact on wellness and the environment. The purpose of this research is to look into the sound soaking up coefficient of three different local natural cellulose fibres ; maize hazelnut, oil thenar empty fruit clump, rice straw, sugar cane bagasse and rice chaff. Local fibres on its ain or combined were assorted with phenol methanal rosin. Compacted unit of ammunition shaped samples of 100 millimeters and 28 millimeters O with 12 millimeters thickness at 600 kg/cm3of denseness were produced before tested for sound soaking up coefficient by utilizing the electric resistance tubing method in conformity with BS EN ISO 10534-2:2001 criterion demands. The consequences obtained indicate that oil thenar empty fruit clump ( OPEFB ) , coir and rice chaff gave better soaking up coefficient value than the others. Meanwhile combination of rice chaff: sugar cane bagasse, rice straw: OPEFB and maize hazelnut: coir at certain mix ratios improved the soaking up coefficient of sugar cane bagasse, rice straw and maize hazelnut when being assorted together. This suggests a potency of using local natural cellulose fibres as sustainable and environmentally friendly acoustic soaking up panel. We will write a custom essay on Sustainable Acoustic Absorption Panel Utilizing Local Natural Cellulose Fibers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Keywords:Local natural cellulose fibres, maize hazelnut, oil thenar empty fruit clump, rice straw, sugar cane bagasse, rice chaff, acoustic soaking up panel Introduction Presents, the construct of green and sustainable engineering has become the major high spot in assorted Fieldss in the industry. For acoustic soaking up panel, the usage of traditional stuffs such as man-made fibres becomes a major concern to the society due to its harmful effects on human wellness. Researchers invariably review alternate stuffs which are more sustainable and environmentally friendly as replacements to bing natural stuffs. As consequences, there have been legion research attempts made by research workers to use natural cellulose fibres to develop constructing constituents such as acoustic panel which less inauspicious impact to the environment and human wellness. Natural fibres has a batch of advantages compared to the man-made fibres such as renewable, non-abrasive, cheaper, copiousness and less wellness and safety concern during managing and treating due to its really low toxicity ( Razak et al. ( 1988 ) ; D’Alessandro and Pispola ( 2005 ) ; Zulkifli et Al. ( 2009 ) ) . Previous local researches have suggested some natural cellulose fibres which have high potency to be applied as alternate stuffs of sound absorbing stuffs. Rice straw was reported suited for acoustic panel because of its good acoustic public presentation. Abdullah et Al. ( 2013 ) investigated dried rice straw assorted with methylcellulose as binder and found that rice straw absorber has comparable public presentation compared to the commercial glass wool absorber as it recorded good acoustic public presentation above 1500 kilohertz with mean absorption coefficient of 0.8. Putra et Al. ( 2012 ) studied on the acoustic belongingss of sugar cane waste fibres and found that the fibre produced good acoustic public presentation and was comparable against the classical man-made absorbers as it recorded mean soaking up coefficient of 0.65 at 1200 4500Hz. Furthermore, Mahzan et Al. ( 2009 ) investigated the potency of rice chaff reinforced composite as sound absorber. The consequence demonst rated that rice chaff was superior to rubber atoms and wood shaved, as it recorded highest soaking up coefficient of 0.89 at 250Hz. Fouladi et Al. ( 2013 ) found that coir and maize fibre has immense potency to be used as sound absorber as it recorded better soaking up coefficient against rug, plyboard and curtain. The focal point point of this research is to analyze the sound soaking up coefficient of six different cellulose fibres ; maize hazelnut, oil thenar empty fruit clump, rice straw, sugar cane bagasse and rice chaff whether on its ain or in combination with the same thicknesses and denseness of 12 millimeters and 600 kg/cm3severally ( see Table 2 ) . Possibly, findings from this research, would give another position and thought to use local natural cellulose fibres as natural stuff for sustainable acoustic soaking up panel. Methodology a ) Materials Corn Cob – a byproduct from the nucleus portion of the maize to which the grains are attached. Corn Cobs used in this research were obtained around Klang Valley. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch ( OPEFB ) a byproduct generated from the palm oil industry. OPEFB was obtained from palm oil mill located in Sepang, Selangor. Rice Straw a byproduct of agricultural activity and identified as an agricultural waste merchandise which rarely being disposed by firing. Rice straw was obtained from paddy field in Machang, Kelantan. Coir – a by-productfrom thehuskof thecoconut,which is between the difficult inner shell and the outer coat. Coir was obtained from Batu Pahat, Johor. Rice Husk – a byproduct from the outermost bed of Paddy grain that is separated from the rice grains during the milling procedure. Rice chaffs were obtained at BERNAS rice factory at Tiram Jaya, Tanjong Karang Sugarcane Bagasse ( SCB ) – a byproduct that remains aftersugarcanestalks are crushed to pull out their juice, SCB used in this research was obtained around Klang Valley. Phenol methanal rosin ( PL-60M ) acts as adhesives to adhere the stuffs and supply lastingness under heat, high humidness, and outside exposure conditions. PL-60M was supplied by Malayan Adhesives and Chemicals Sdn. Bhd. Table 1: Chemical composing of stuffs .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f , .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f .postImageUrl , .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f , .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f:hover , .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f:visited , .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f:active { border:0!important; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f:active , .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucd7bc4527ddc9a265759e15021f40e8f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelfth Night - various plots and how they are int Essay Chemical Components Material/Dry Solid ( % ) ( a )Rice Straw ( B )OPEFB ( degree Celsius )Corn Cob ( vitamin D )Coir ( vitamin E )Rice Husk ( degree Fahrenheit )SCB Cellulose 33.4 51.28 41.27 68.9 28.6 35.2 Hemicellulose 28.2 28.18 46.00 16.8 28.6 25.5 Lignin 7.4 15.17 7.40 32.1 24.4 22.2 ( a ) Heet Al. ( 2008 ) ( B ) Ariffin et Al. ( 2008 ) ( degree Celsius ) Satimanont et Al. ( 2012 ) ( vitamin D )Asasutjarit et Al. ( 2007 )( vitamin E ) Di Blasiet Al. ( 1999 )( degree Fahrenheit )Rezendeet Al. ( 2011 ) B ) Samples readying and proving The natural stuffs of maize hazelnut, oil thenar empty fruit clump, rice straw, sugar cane bagasse and rice chaff were dried out and oppress. Then dried fibres were assorted and blended with phenol methanals rosin ( PL-60M ) in conformity to blend design composing ( see Table 2 ) and compressed utilizing cold imperativeness and hot imperativeness method to organize solid and strong acoustic soaking up panel. The force per unit area of cold pressure procedure was set at 10 Psi. Meanwhile, for hot pressure procedure, the panels were pressed at 170Â °C at four different force per unit areas ; 80 kg/cm3, 50 kg/cm3, 20 kg/cm3and 20 kg/cm3severally. To bring forth unit of ammunition shaped samples, cutting procedure was done by utilizing the air compaction cutter with two different diameters in conformity to impedance tube diameter of 100 and 28 millimeters for low and high frequence measurings, severally. The sound soaking up coefficient of the samples was measured utilizing electric res istance tubing method in conformity with BS EN ISO 10534-2:2001. The frequence ranges for proving were 250 – 4000 Hz. Table 2: Mix design composing Material Sample Ratio ( % ) Density ( kg/cm3) Resin Corn Cob AP1 100 600 PL-60M Coir AP2 100 600 PL-60M Rice Straw AP3 100 600 PL-60M Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch ( OPEFB ) AP4 100 600 PL-60M Rice Husk AP5 100 600 PL-60M Sugarcane Bagasse ( SCB ) AP6 100 600 PL-60M Corn Cob: Coir AP7 50:50 600 PL-60M AP8 70:30 600 PL-60M AP9 30:70 600 PL-60M Rice Straw: OPEFB AP10 50:50 600 PL-60M AP11 70:30 600 PL-60M AP12 30:70 600 PL-60M Rice Husk: SCB AP13 50:50 600 PL-60M AP14 70:30 600 PL-60M AP15 30:70 600 PL-60M Figure 1: ( a ) Cold pressing procedure ( B ) Hot pressing procedure ( degree Celsius ) Cutting Procedure ( vitamin D ) Impedance tubing trial Result and Discussion The acoustic soaking up coefficient for the natural cellulose fibres on its ain are stipulated in the Figure 2 ( a ) . Most of the samples absorbed more sound at higher scope of frequence except for sample AP1 and AP3 which decreased bit by bit at higher frequence ranges ( 2000-4000 Hz ) . Sample AP4 and AP5 recorded the highest soaking up coefficient at both lower frequence ranges ( 250-1000 Hz ) and higher frequence scope ( 2000-4000 Hz ) . Meanwhile, sample AP6 attained the lowest soaking up coefficient values at lower frequence scope and sample AP1 at higher frequence scope. Figure 2 ( B ) shows the soaking up coefficient of assorted natural cellulose fibres at 50:50, 70:30 and 30:70 ratios. Samples AP7, AP10, AP12, AP13, AP14 and AP 15 showed maximal soaking up capacity at higher frequence scope. Meanwhile, samples AP8, AP9, AP11 decreased bit by bit after go throughing 2000 Hz. Sample AP14 attained the highest soaking up coefficient at both lower and higher frequence ranges. On the other manus, sample AP9 showed the lowest soaking up coefficient values at lower and higher frequence scope. Blending the natural cellulose fibres together at 50:50, 70:30 and 30:70 ratios give both positive and negative effects on its sound soaking up capacity. For case, figure 2 ( degree Celsius ) illustrates that, when maize hazelnut and coir were being assorted together at 50:50 and 70:30 of ratios it gives better sound soaking up capacity than maize hazelnut on its ain as it recorded higher soaking up coefficient of 0.19 at 4000 Hz for sample AP7 and 0.16 at 2000 Hz for sample AP8. At 30:70 ratio, there was no betterment on the soaking up capacity of the sample ( sample AP9 ) as it recorded lower soaking up coefficient at all frequence scope than maize hazelnut ( sample AP1 ) and coir ( sample AP2 ) on its ain. Coir on its ain ( sample AP2 ) possessed the highest soaking up coefficient value than the others. Meanwhile, for rice straw and OPEFB, 30:70 ( sample AP12 ) and 50:50 ( sample AP10 ) mix ratios gives better soaking up coefficient values than rice straw on its ain ( sample AP3 ) as it recorded satisfactory soaking up coefficient values of 0.34 and 0.29 at 4000 Hz severally. Rice straw and OPEFB at 70:30 ratio ( sample 11 ) gives inauspicious consequence on its soaking up capacity as it recorded the lowest soaking up coefficient than the other samples. On the other manus, OPEFB on its ain ( sample AP4 ) recorded the highest soaking up coefficient value than the others as shows in figure 2 ( vitamin D ) . Mixed rice chaff and sugar cane bagasse at 70:30 and 50:50 of mix ratio besides improved the soaking up capacity when compared to sugarcane bagasse on its ain. At 70:30 ( sample AP14 ) and 50:50 ( sample AP13 ) mix ratios, optimal soaking up coefficient of 0.38 and 0.28 both at 4000 Hz were recorded as sugar cane bagasse on its ain ( sample AP6 ) merely recorded 0.17 of optimal soaking up coefficient at 4000 Hz. Rice Husk: sugar cane bagasse at 30:70 of mix ratio ( sample AP15 ) attained the lowest soaking up coefficient as it recorded merely 0.13 of soaking up coefficient value ( see figure 2 ( vitamin E ) ) . Based on analytical observation of obtained consequences, most of the samples recorded lower and unsatisfactory soaking up coefficient except samples made from OPEFB and rice chaff. This may be due to its less porous feature and thicker fibre size, which affect it absorption coefficient. Seddeq ( 2009 ) suggested that porousness and fiber size dramas an of import function in sound soaking up of hempen stuff as porous stuff and thin fibre size addition sound soaking up which allows more moving ridges to go through through them. Apart from that, the soaking up of the natural cellulose fibres can be improved by increasing the thickness of the natural fiber bed which will increase soaking up at lower frequences. Furthermore, the soaking up belongingss of natural fibres can besides be increased by increasing the majority denseness of the stuff. Natural fibres seem to supply better soaking up belongingss because of increased majority denseness due to excess matrix stuff ( Al Rahman et al. , 2013 ) . .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 , .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 .postImageUrl , .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 , .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5:hover , .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5:visited , .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5:active { border:0!important; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5:active , .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5 .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3f2f26ed952d18a91358956667abb1d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Anne Frank EssayTable 2: Absorption coefficients of natural cellulose fibres Sample Frequency ( Hz ) /Absorption coefficient 250 500 1000 2000 4000 AP1 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.06 AP2 0.04 0.09 0.12 0.21 0.23 AP3 0.05 0.08 0.12 0.27 0.18 AP4 0.09 0.12 0.25 0.37 0.63 AP5 0.08 0.09 0.39 0.5 0.54 AP6 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.1 0.17 AP7 0.07 0.1 0.17 0.18 0.19 AP8 0.03 0.04 0.1 0.16 0.06 AP9 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.04 AP10 0.03 0.05 0.11 0.16 0.29 AP11 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.1 0.07 AP12 0.07 0.12 0.25 0.28 0.34 AP13 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.2 0.28 AP14 0.11 0.12 0.31 0.38 0.38 AP15 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.13 Decision Several local natural cellulose fibres were utilized as acoustic soaking up panel in this survey. The consequences illustrated that these local cellulose fibres has relevant acoustic soaking up and would be a feasible replacement for industrial merchandises. These new findings hopefully would give another position to the development of sustainable acoustic soaking up panel which is more environmental friendly. Recognition The writers would wish to thank Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Oceancash Felts Sdn Bhd for their proficient support and Universiti Teknologi MARA ( UiTM ) Research Acculturation Grant Scheme 600-RMI/RAGS 5/3 ( 32/2012 ) for patronizing this research. Mentions Abdullah Y. , Putra A. , Efendy H. , Farid W. M. and Ayob M. R. Investigation On Sound Absorption Coefficient Of Natural Paddy Fibers International Journal Of Renewable Energy Resources 3 ( 2013 ) 8-11 Al Rahman L.A, Raja R.I. and Rahman A.R. Experimental Study On Natural Fibers For Green Acoustic Absorption Materials American Journal of Applied Sciences 10 ( 10 ) : 1307-1314, 2013 ISSN: 1546-9239 Ariffin, H. , Hassan, M. A. , Umi Kalsom, M. S. , Abdullah, N. , Ghazali, F. M. , A ; Shirai, Y. ( 2008 ) . Production of bacterial endoglucanase from oil thenar empty fruit clump by Bacillus Pumilus EB3. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,3, 231-2236. Asasutjarit, C. , Hirunlabh, J. , Khedari, J. , Charoenvai, S. , Zeghmati, B. , and Shin, U. C. Development of coconut coir-based lightweight cement board. Construction and Building Materials ( 2007 ) , 21 ( 2 ) , 277-288 BS EN ISO 10534-2:2001, 2001, Acoustics Determination of sound soaking up coefficient and electric resistance in electric resistance tubings – Part 2, Transfer-function method. D’Alessandro, F. and Pispola G. 2005. Sound soaking up belongingss of sustainable hempen stuffs in an enhanced echo room. Paper presented in The 2005 Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 07-10 August. Di Blasi, C. , Buonanno, F. and Branca, C. 1999. Responsivenesss of some biomass chars in air. Carbon. 37 ( 8 ) , 1227-1238. Fouladi, M.H. , Nassir, M.H. , Ghassem, M. , Shamel, M. , Yeng Peng, S. , Yi Wen, S. , Zong Xin, P. and Mohd Nor, M.J. Utilizing Malaysian Natural Fibers as Sound Absorber. In, Modeling and Measurement Methods for Acoustic Waves and for Acoustic Microdevices. InTech, ISBN: 978-953-51-1189-4, pp.161-170, 2013. He Y. , Pang Y, Liu Y, Li X. and Wang K. Physicochemical Characterization of Rice Straw Pretreated with Sodium Hydroxide in the Solid State for Enhancing Biogas Production Energy A ; Fuels 2008, 22, 2775–2781 Mahzan S, Ahmad Zaidi A.M. , Ghazali M.I. , Yahya M.N. and. Ismail M. Investigation on sound soaking up of rice-husk reinforced composite.In: Proceedings of MUCEET2009 Malaysian Technical Universities Conference on Engineering and Technology, 20-22 June 2009, MS Garden, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Putra A. , Abdullah Y. , Efendy H. , Farid W.M. , Ayob M.R. and Py M.S. Using Sugarcane Wasted Fibers as a Sustainable Acoustic Absorber Procedia Engineering vol. 53 p. 632-638 Razak A. , M.A. , Khoo, K.C. , and Khozirah, S. 1988. Prospects and Potential Of The Oil Palm Trunk as a Beginning Of Lignocellulosic Raw Material, The Malayan Forester, Vol 51 ( 3 ) :164-175. Rezende et Al. Chemical And Morphological Characterization Of Sugarcane Bagasse Submitted To A Delignification Process For Enhanced Enzymatic Digestibility Biotechnology for Biofuels 2011,4:54 Sassine Y.N. , Ghora Y. , Kharrat M. , Bohme M. and Abdel-Mawgoud A.M.R. Waste Paper as an Alternative for Casing Soil in Mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) Production’ Journal of Applied Sciences Research 1 ( 3 ) : 277-284, 2005 Seddeq H.S. Factors Influencing Acoustic Performance of Sound Absorptive Materials Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3 ( 4 ) : 4610-4617, 2009 ISSN 1991-8178 Zulkifli, R. , Mohd Nor, M.J. , Ismail, A.R. , Nuawi, M.Z. , Abdullah, S. , Mat Tahir, M.F. , Ab Rahman, M.N. Comparison belongingss between coir fiber and oil thenar fiber. European Journal of Scientific Research. 2009. Vol. 33, No 1, pp 144-152. Figure 2 ( a ):Absorption Coefficient of cellulose fiber for 100 % mix ratio Figure 2 ( B ):Absorption Coefficient of cellulose fiber for 50:50, 70:30 and 30:70 mix ratio Figure 2 ( degree Celsius ):Absorption Coefficient of maize hazelnut and coir for 100, 50:50, 70:30 and 30:70 mix ratios Figure 2 ( vitamin D ):Absorption Coefficient of rice straw and OPEFBfor 100,50:50, 70:30 and 30:70 mix ratios Figure 2 ( vitamin E ):Absorption Coefficient of rice chaff A ; sugarcane bagasse for 100, 50:50, 70:30 and 30:70 mix ratios

Advantages and Disadvantages of Union Membership Essays

Advantages and Disadvantages of Union Membership Essays Advantages and Disadvantages of Union Membership Paper Advantages and Disadvantages of Union Membership Paper Union Advantages and Disadvantages I was raised In a union family but grew up to be a company man. I can see both sides and their opinions. I believe we need unions to keep the companies who are not union from treating their employees unfairly, regarding wages, days off, etc. There are good unions that are so effective and there are weak unions who give unions a bad name. Some companies will always treat their employees well and be fair but for those who dont, there has to be someone watching out for their rights. If those companies know that if their employees are treated unfairly, there is an organizer ailing to step in and help, the company generally will step up to the plate and do the right thing. My father and uncles worked for the plumbers, electrical, and teachers unions growing up and they were good strong unions that looked out for its employees. I spoke to my father about his opinion of the plumbers union and what he saw as the good and the bad of it. An advantage to being a union member Is that you have an advocate to stand up for you If there has been a wrong done to you In the work place. There are generally many more safety precautions taken for the errors safety with a union than when not. A business agent will locate Jobs for you In such trades as Pipettes, sprinkler fitters, welders, or construction workers. When you work on a job and then when that job is completed they work to have another job for you to move on to. You do pay dues, which seem to be a little steep at times, but when a member passes away, there is a death benefit paid to the family to help with funeral expenses. He remembers that the insurance coverage was excellent also. It pays 100% for him and 75% for the family. He also remembers how difficult it was to get into the union. How he had to apprentice for five years doing all the hardest work for half the pay. He also felt that the union is only interested in doing what generates work for union plumbers and not necessarily what is best for the building owners. The Business agents would also always play favorites with their buddies and send them to Jobs first and say they were requested by name. My uncle was a teacher and Vice principle of Bragger High School In Newark, and moved on to be a union superintendent. He says he has seen some good and some very ugly sides to unions. One of the biggest advantages is having representation during the performance review process. He has seen principals misuse the process to get rid of a teacher they Just dont get along with. Union contracts provide a structure for the reviews and usually support for a struggling teacher. The contract will also cover details, such as how much time a teacher has to set up a classroom and move items if he or she is involuntarily reassigned to another school due to enrollment or other hangs. In many cases he has seen where unions have kept bad teachers in their jobs where they would have been fired anywhere else. He has seen teachers that once they became tenured, stopped doing their Job altogether. Working out of the headquarters building shared by the Verizon union, I also have my own pollens of unions. When the company was doing well, It was able to meet the union requirements. Now as the landlines side has begun to lose money, the union has been went on strike when the company tried to move to non union shops during a merger. Three days into the strike Verizon managers claimed to have counted 455 acts of vandalism, which they attributed to union members. Managers blamed unionists for throwing rocks, eggs, and bottles at workers and managers who crossed picket lines, as well as disrupting service by cutting cables and wires. Verizon is still in talks with the CAW and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers over a new contract that would cover roughly 45,000 workers and replace an agreement that expired Gauge. 6.